ABRSM Glossary Revision (Lee Ching Ching) Gr

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ABRSM Glossary Revision (Lee Ching Ching) Gr
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2022/6/2

00:00:00
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Level 0 : ABRSM Glossary Revision (Lee Ching Ching) Gr > Transposing > General
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Instrument Keys

  • Some Instruments have two "keys"
    • Transposition Key ≠ Tuning Key (for Transposing Instruments)
  • Some Instruments have one "key"
    • Transposition Key = Tuning Key (for Transposing Instruments)
    • Tuning Key (for Non-Transposing Instruments), being the pitch when instrument (or certain part of the instrument) is in a "open" position.
  • Some Instruments have an implied popular "key"
    • Alto Flute (in G)
    • English Horn (in F)
    • Oboe d'Amore (in A)
    • Cornet (in Bb)
    • Octave/Double Octave Transposing Instrument
      • Glockenspiel, which transposes to C6
      • Xylophone, which transposes to C5
      • Celesta, which transposes to C5
      • Piccolo, which transposes to C5
      • Bass Flute, which transposes to C3
      • Double Bass, which transposes to C3
      • Double Bassoon, which transposes to C3
  • Some Instruments do not transpose and so they have no "key"
    • In the case of Non-Transposing Definite Pitch Instrument : The Transposition Key is C4, hence no transposition is needed.
    • In the case of Non-Transposing Indefinite Pitch Instrument : No Transposition to speak of



Transposing Direction

  • These Instruments transpose UP UP by more than an Octave (in fact, two Octaves)
    • Glockenspiel (x2)
  • These Instruments transpose UP by Octave
    • Xylophone
    • Celesta
    • Piccolo
  • Instruments in the key of D, Eb/E, F transpose UP by less than an Octave
    • Clarinet in Eb
    • Trumpets in D, Eb, E, F
  • Instruments in the key of G, A, Bb transpose DOWN by less than an Octave
    • Transposing Instruments in Bb (Clarinet, Cornet, Trumpet)
    • Transposing Instruments in A (Clarinet, Oboe d'Amore, Trumpet)
    • Transposing Instruments in G (Alto Flute)
  • All Horns transpose DOWN by less than an Octave
    • Transposing Instruments in F (English Horn, Horn)
    • Transposing Instruments in E (Horn)
    • Transposing Instruments in D (Horn)
  • These Instruments transpose DOWN by Octave
    • Bass Flute
    • Double Bass
    • Double Bassoon
  • These Instruments transpose DOWN DOWN by more than an Octave
    • Bass Clarinet in Bb

Level 01 : ABRSM Glossary Revision (Lee Ching Ching) Gr > Performance Instructions
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TermMeaningMemory Aid
Tenor (Gr)Tenor
Alt (Gr)Alto
Bass (Gr)Bass
dur (Gr)majordur ~ duration ~ long ~ major
moll (Gr)minoreeny, meeny, miny, moe ~ minor moll
as (Gr)A flat
ais (Gr)A sharp
B (Gr)B flat
B (Gr)B flat
H (Gr)B
ces (Gr)C flat
cis (Gr)C sharp
des (Gr)D flat
dis (Gr)D sharp
es (Gr)E flat
es (Gr)E flat
fis (Gr)F sharp
ges (Gr)G flat
gis (Gr)G sharp
Level 02 : ABRSM Glossary Revision (Lee Ching Ching) Gr > Instrument & Transposing > Woodwind
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ForeignEnglishKeyTransposingMemory Aid
A Klarinette (Gr)Clarinet in AA3↓Minor 3rd
Kontrafagott (Gr)Double BassoonC3↓Perfect 8ve
B Klarinette (Gr)Clarinet in BbBb3↓Major 2nd

  • German B is English Bb.
  • German H is English B.

Alt Flöte (Gr)Alto Flute in GG3↓Perfect 4th
B Bassklarinette (Gr) Bass Clarinet in Bb Bb2

  • ↓Compound Major 2nd if Treble Clef
  • ↓Major 2nd if Bass Clef

  • The most common Bass Clarinet is Bb2 Bass Clarinet.
  • German B is English Bb.
  • German H is English B.
Bassflöte (Gr)Bass FluteC3↓Perfect 8ve
Es Klarinette (Gr)Clarinet in EbEb4↑Minor 3rd
Fagott (Gr)BassoonC4Non-TransposingWhen playing open, the pitch is F.
Flöte (Gr)FluteC4Non-Transposing
Grosse Flöte (Gr)FluteC4Non-Transposing
Hoboe (Gr)OboeC4Non-Transposing
Klarinette (Gr)ClarinetBb3↓Major 2ndThe Bb clarinet is often referred to as simply clarinet.
Kleine Flöte (Gr)PiccoloC5↑Perfect 8ve

  • Kleine = Little (En)

Liebesoboe (Gr) Oboe D'Amore A3 ↓Minor 3rd

  • Liebe (Gr) = Love (Eng)
  • Oboe (It, En) ~ Hoboe (Gr)
Level 03 : ABRSM Glossary Revision (Lee Ching Ching) Gr > Instrument & Transposing > Mallet Percussion
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ForeignEnglishKeyTransposingMemory Aid
Glocken (Gr)Tubular BellsC4Non-Transposing
Glockenspiel (Gr) Glockenspiel C6 ↑ 2 x Perfect 8ve

Glockenspiel.png
  • Spiel (Gr) = Set (En)

Gong ()GongIndefinite Pitch-
Grosse Trommel (Gr)Bass DrumIndefinite Pitch-

  • Grosse (Gr) = Gross (En) = Fat (En)
  • Trommel (Gr) = Drum (En)


A Fat Drum, hence a Bass Drum.

Kleine Trommel (Gr) Kleine (Gr) = Small (En)
Trommel (Gr) = Drum (En) 		Snare Drum, because of the use of stiff wires called snares to pull the drum heads tight to produce sharp staccato sound
Snares.png


Side Drum, because its size makes it easy to carry during military march 		Indefinite Pitch -
Caisse Claire.png
Marimbaphon (Gr)MarimbaC4Non-Transposing
Pauken (Gr)KettledrumsC4Non-TransposingException: “Timpani in D” means the drum head is tuned to the pitch D. It does not mean the timpani makes the pitch of D when a written middle C (C4) is played.

Drum heads (also called drum skins) are the plastic surfaces on the top and bottom of each drum.
Rührtrommel (Gr) Tenor Drum Indefinite Pitch -
Tenor Drum.png
  • Rühr (Gr) ~ Roll (En)
  • Trommel (Gr) = Drum (En)

Roll Drum, hence Drum Roll that is best to be in middle range, hence Tenor Drum

Schellentrommel (Gr)TambourineIndefinite Pitch-

Schellentrommel.png
Basque Country.png

  • Schellen (Gr) = Small Bells (Eng)
  • Trommel (Gr) = Drum (En)

Tamburin (Gr) Tambourine Indefinite Pitch -

  • Tambur ~ Tamburo (It) = Drum
  • -in ~ tiny
Triangel (Gr)TriangleIndefinite Pitch-
Vibraphon (Gr)VibraphoneC4Non-Transposing
Xylophon (Gr)XylophoneC5↑Perfect 8ve
Level 04 : ABRSM Glossary Revision (Lee Ching Ching) Gr > Instrument & Transposing > Keyboard Percussion, Other Percussion, String
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ForeignEnglishKeyTransposingMemory Aid
Klavier (Gr)PianoC4Non-Transposing
Bratsche (Gr)ViolaC4Non-Transposing
Harfe (Gr)HarpC4Non-Transposing
Kontrabass (Gr)Double BassC3↓Perfect 8ve
Violine (Gr)ViolinC4Non-Transposing
Becken (Gr)CymbalsIndefinite Pitch-
Kastagnetten (Gr)CastanetsIndefinite Pitch-
Level 05 : ABRSM Glossary Revision (Lee Ching Ching) Gr > Instrument & Transposing > Brass
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ForeignEnglishKeyTransposingMemory Aid
Althorn in Es (Gr)Alto Horn in EbEb3↓Major 6th
Kornett (Gr)Cornet in BbBb3↓Major 2nd
Englisch Horn (Gr)English HornF3↓Perfect 5th
Englisches Horn (Gr)English HornF3↓Perfect 5th
Horner in D (Gr)Horns in DD3↓Minor 7th
Horner in E (Gr)Horns in EE3↓Minor 6th
Horner in Es (Gr)Horns in EbEb3↓Major 6th
Horner in F (Gr)Horns in FF3↓Perfect 5th
Posaune (Gr)TromboneC4Non-Transposing

  • Italian suffix "-one" makes the noun as "big one".
  • Italian suffix "-ino" makes the noun as "small one".
  • Trombone comes from Tromba (trumpet) and -one.
  • The pitch of a brass instrument is the lowest playable resonance frequency of the open instrument.
Trompete in A (Gr)Trumpet in AA3↓Minor 3rd
Trompete in B (Gr)Trumpet in BbBb3↓Major 2nd

  • German B is English Bb.
  • German H is English B.

Trompete in C (Gr)Trumpet in CC4Non-Transposing
Trompete in D (Gr)Trumpet in DD4↑Major 2nd
Trompete in E (Gr)Trumpet in EE4↑Major 3rd
Trompete in Es (Gr)Trumpet in EbEb4↑Minor 3rd
Trompete in F (Gr)Trumpet in FF4↑Perfect 4th
Tuba Tuba C4 (when Non-Transposing)

  • Written music in Bass Clef is Non-Transposing.
  • Written music in Treble Clef is Transposing.
Level 06 : ABRSM Glossary Revision (Lee Ching Ching) Gr > Performance > String
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Bow.jpg
TermMeaningMemory Aid
an der spitze (Gr)at the point of the bowspike = tip
flatterzunge (flzg., flz. or flt.) (Gr)

frullato (frull) (It)

flutter tonguing (often abbreviated to f.t.) (En)

Flutter-Tonguing Symbol.png
 roll an r with the tongue to flutter the tongue memory aid : gelato is licked by tongue

See: Demonstration of Flatterzunge
Level 07 : ABRSM Glossary Revision (Lee Ching Ching) Gr > Performance > Harp
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TermMeaningMemory Aid
harmonics (En)

Octave Harmonics.png
 on harp, producing sound an octave higher than written An octave harmonic is notated by indicating the played string with a small circle above it.

The resulting note sounds an octave higher than notated. This is the standard notation in contemporary harp literature.

There is no need to indicate the sounding note, since a harpist will immediately know that an octave harmonic is meant.

There are two ways to produce octave harmonics on a harp - with left hand or with right hand.
Level 08 : ABRSM Glossary Revision (Lee Ching Ching) Gr > Performance > Percussion
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TermMeaningMemory Aid
roll (En) rapidly alternate blows from two drumsticks to create sustained sound See: Demonstration of Drum Roll
TermMeaningMemory Aid
Level 09 : ABRSM Glossary Revision (Lee Ching Ching) Gr > Performance > Brass
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TermMeaningMemory Aid
gestopft /ˈgə.ʃtɔpft/ (Gr) stopped notes, produced by inserting cupped hand into bell
  • gestopft (Gr) = stuffed (En)
Level 10 : ABRSM Glossary Revision (Lee Ching Ching) Gr > Performance > Piano
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TermMeaningMemory Aid
TermMeaningMemory Aid
Level 11 : ABRSM Glossary Revision (Lee Ching Ching) Gr > Performance Instructions > Pitch
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TermMeaningMemory Aid
Level 12 : ABRSM Glossary Revision (Lee Ching Ching) Gr > Performance Direction > Lively
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TermMeaningMemory Aid
etwas lebhaft (Gr) somewhat lively

  • etwas (Gr) = somewhat (En)
  • leb (Gr) = live (En)
  • -haft (Gr) = -like, -ish, -ly (En)
  • lebhaft (Gr) = lively (En)
munter (Gr)lively
kräftig (Gr)vigorous or powerful
frisch (Gr)vigorous
schwungvoll (Gr)with energy

  • schwung (Gr) = swing (En), hence with energy
  • -voll (Gr) = -ful (En), creating adjective out of noun

Level 13 : ABRSM Glossary Revision (Lee Ching Ching) Gr > Performance Direction > Fast
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TermMeaningMemory Aid
geschwind (Gr)fastlike the wind
rasch (Gr)fastrush
rascher (Gr)faster
aber nicht eilen (Gr)but don't rush

  • aber (Gr) ~ ah but (En) => but (En)

schnell (Gr)fastsnel (Dutch)
schneller (Gr)faster
ziemlich schnell (Gr)rather fast
nicht eilen (Gr)don't hurryalien rushing around in spaceship
Level 14 : ABRSM Glossary Revision (Lee Ching Ching) Gr > Performance Direction > happy
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TermMeaningMemory Aid
lustig (Gr)cheerful
frohlich (Gr)cheerful, joyful
Level 15 : ABRSM Glossary Revision (Lee Ching Ching) Gr > Performance Direction > Sad
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TermMeaningMemory Aid
traurig (Gr)sad
Leid (Gr)grief, pain
Level 16 : ABRSM Glossary Revision (Lee Ching Ching) Gr > Performance Direction > Tenderly
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TermMeaningMemory Aid
zart (Gr)delicate

  • zart (It) ~ art (En) => delicate (En)

Level 17 : ABRSM Glossary Revision (Lee Ching Ching) Gr > Performance Direction > Lento
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TermMeaningMemory Aid
langsam (Gr)slowlang (Gr) = long (En) in time

langsam (Gr) = adagio (It)
ziemlich langsam (Gr)rather slow

  • lang (Gr) = long (En)
  • -sam (Gr) forms adjective

Level 18 : ABRSM Glossary Revision (Lee Ching Ching) Gr > Performance Direction > Andante
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TermMeaningMemory Aid
gehend (Gr)at a walking pacegehen (Gr) = walk (En)

memory aid : go hen
andante, piu tosto allegretto (I) andante, or rather allegretto

  • peu (Fr) = little (En)
  • più (It) = more (En)
  • tosto (It) = rapid (En)
  • piu tosto (It) = or rather (En)
    • hint: the one with accent is more

andante quasi allegretto (I) a little quicker than Andante and not so quick as Allegretto
Level 19 : ABRSM Glossary Revision (Lee Ching Ching) Gr > Performance Direction > Presto
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TermMeaningMemory Aid
Allegro molto, piu tosto Presto (I) Allegro molto, or rather Presto

  • peu (Fr) = little (En)
  • più (It) = more (En)
    • hint: the one with accent is more
  • tosto (It) = rapid (En)
  • più tosto (It) = or rather (En)

Level 20 : ABRSM Glossary Revision (Lee Ching Ching) Gr > Performance Direction > Largo
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TermMeaningMemory Aid
breit (Gr)broadmemory aid : breit ~ bright, and broad daylight is bright
Level 21 : ABRSM Glossary Revision (Lee Ching Ching) Gr > Performance Direction > Allegro
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TermMeaningMemory Aid
poco allegretto (It)
Allegro molto, piu tosto Presto (I) Allegro molto, or rather Presto

  • peu (Fr) = little (En)
  • più (It) = more (En)
    • hint: the one with accent is more
  • tosto (It) = rapid (En)
  • più tosto (It) = or rather (En)

allegretto o più tosto allegro (I) allegretto or rather allegro

  • peu (Fr) = little (En)
  • più (It) = more (En)
    • hint: the one with accent is more

allegretto quasi vivace (I)a little quicker than Allegretto and not so quick as Vivace
Allegro molto, piu tosto Presto (I) Allegro molto, or rather Presto

  • peu (Fr) = little (En)
  • più (It) = more (En)
    • hint: the one with accent is more
  • tosto (It) = rapid (En)
  • più tosto (It) = or rather (En)

Level 22 : ABRSM Glossary Revision (Lee Ching Ching) Gr > Performance Direction > Adagio
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TermMeaningMemory Aid
Level 23 : ABRSM Glossary Revision (Lee Ching Ching) Gr > Performance Instructions > Brilliant
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TermMeaningMemory Aid
vorgetragen (Gr)prominent
Level 24 : ABRSM Glossary Revision (Lee Ching Ching) Gr > Performance Direction > Agitated
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TermMeaningMemory Aid
feurig (Gr)fiery
ziemlich bewegt (Gr)rather agitated bewegt (Gr) /bə.ˈveːkt/ = with movement, in an animated manner, agitated

hint: bees whacked => angry bee => animated beekeeper
Level 25 : ABRSM Glossary Revision (Lee Ching Ching) Gr > Performance Direction > loud
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TermMeaningMemory Aid
Level 26 : ABRSM Glossary Revision (Lee Ching Ching) Gr > Performance Direction > Quiet
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TermMeaningMemory Aid
leise (Gr)quietlyanagram of Elise (of Für Elise)
ruhig (Gr)peaceful (example: sehr ruhig)
Level 27 : ABRSM Glossary Revision (Lee Ching Ching) Gr > Performance Direction > Sweet
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TermMeaningMemory Aid
suss (Gr)sweet
Level 28 : ABRSM Glossary Revision (Lee Ching Ching) Gr > Performance Direction > Loving
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TermMeaningMemory Aid
lieblich (Gr)lovely
Leidesnschaft (Gr)passion
Level 29 : ABRSM Glossary Revision (Lee Ching Ching) Gr > Performance Direction > Singing, Chanting
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TermMeaningMemory Aid
gesangvoll (Gr)in a singing style

  • gesang (Gr) = singing (En)
  • -voll (Gr) = -ful (En), creating adjective out of noun

Level 30 : ABRSM Glossary Revision (Lee Ching Ching) Gr > Performance Direction > Expressive
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TermMeaningMemory Aid
ausdrucksvoll (Gr)expressive

  • ausdruck (Gr) = expression (En)
  • -voll (Gr) = -ful (En), creating adjective out of noun

innig (Gr) heartfelt, sincere
mit ausdruck (Gr)with expression

  • mit (Gr) = with (En)

empfindungsvoll (Gr)with feeling

  • Empfindung (Gr) = (En) feeling
  • -voll (Gr) = -ful (En), creating adjective out of noun

Level 31 : ABRSM Glossary Revision (Lee Ching Ching) Gr > Performance Direction > Chapel, Military
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TermMeaningMemory Aid
Level 32 : ABRSM Glossary Revision (Lee Ching Ching) Gr > Performance Direction > Moderate
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TermMeaningMemory Aid
massig, mäßig, mässig (Gr)moderatemässig (Gr) = moderato (It)
Level 33 : ABRSM Glossary Revision (Lee Ching Ching) Gr > Performance Direction > Much, Long, Heavy, Strong, Decisive, Emphasized
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TermMeaningMemory Aid
zu (Gr)too"zu" looks and sounds like "zoo", which has the same "oo" as "too"
sehr (Gr)much
doch nicht zu sehr (Gr) however not too much
doch nicht zu sehr (Gr)

  • doch (Gr) = however (En) hint: dog howls
  • nicht (Gr) = not (En)
  • zu (Gr) = to (En)
  • sehr (Gr) = very (En)

zu sehr /t͡suː/ /zɛɐ̯/ (Gr)too much

  • zu (Gr) = to (En)
  • sehr (Gr) = very (En)

hence, to the extreme => too much

viel (Gr)much
langsam (Gr)slowlang (Gr) = long (En) in time

langsam (Gr) = adagio (It)
ziemlich langsam (Gr)rather slow

  • lang (Gr) = long (En)
  • -sam (Gr) forms adjective
stark (Gr)strong
bestimmt /bə.ˈʃtɪmt/ (Gr)with decision, definitestimmt (Gr) = affirmative (En)
Level 34 : ABRSM Glossary Revision (Lee Ching Ching) Gr > Performance Direction > Short, Light, Easy, Little, Weak, Mute
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TermMeaningMemory Aid
leicht (Gr)lightleicht
schwach (Gr)weak
dämpfer (Gr) Brass Mute.png muteto dampen (En) = to make less strong
Level 35 : ABRSM Glossary Revision (Lee Ching Ching) Gr > Performance Direction > Quasi, Piu Tosto
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TermMeaningMemory Aid
TermMeaningMemory Aid
Level 36 : ABRSM Glossary Revision (Lee Ching Ching) Gr > Performance Direction > Smooth, Detached
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TermMeaningMemory Aid
gebunden (Gr)smoothlygebunden = bound (En)
TermMeaningMemory Aid
deutlich /ˈdɔɪ̯t.lɪç/ (Gr) distinct "deutsch" (Gr) refers to the language spoken by the Germans; it's the language which makes a people distinct from other people
Level 37 : ABRSM Glossary Revision (Lee Ching Ching) Gr > Performance Direction > Sustained
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TermMeaningMemory Aid
TermMeaningMemory Aid
schleppen, schleppend (Gr)draggingslap and drag the hostage
nicht schleppen (Gr)don't drag
Level 38 : ABRSM Glossary Revision (Lee Ching Ching) Gr > Performance Direction > Strict vs Free/Fanciful
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TermMeaningMemory Aid
frei (Gr)free
fliessend (Gr)flowing
Level 39 : ABRSM Glossary Revision (Lee Ching Ching) Gr > Performance Direction > more or less
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TermMeaningMemory Aid
Level 40 : ABRSM Glossary Revision (Lee Ching Ching) Gr > Performance Direction > hand
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TermMeaningMemory Aid
Level 41 : ABRSM Glossary Revision (Lee Ching Ching) Gr > Performance Instructions > Sequence
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TermMeaningMemory Aid
Harp Arpeggio.png
 arpeggio, which is a type of broken chord with the notes played one by one in an ascending or descending order.
divisi, div. (I) YouTube.png (2020 Paper B)divided

to divide a single section of instruments in an orchestra into multiple subsections
general pause (G.P.) (En)a rest for all sections of the orchestra
Level 42 : ABRSM Glossary Revision (Lee Ching Ching) Gr > Performance Instructions > Same, Similar, As Before, Repeat, Again
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TermMeaningMemory Aid
immer wieder (Gr)again and again
Level 43 : ABRSM Glossary Revision (Lee Ching Ching) Gr > Performance Instructions > Resume, Cancel, Return, Original
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TermMeaningMemory Aid
Level 44 : ABRSM Glossary Revision (Lee Ching Ching) Gr > Performance Direction > Gradually, Suddenly
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TermMeaningMemory Aid
nach und nach (Gr)gradually

nach (Gr) = to (En)

nach und nach (Gr) = to and to (En)
TermMeaningMemory Aid
plötzlich (Gr)suddenlyplot to lick suddenly
TermMeaningMemory Aid
Level 45 : ABRSM Glossary Revision (Lee Ching Ching) Gr > Performance Instructions > Voice, Sound
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Level 46 : ABRSM Glossary Revision (Lee Ching Ching) Gr > Performance Instructions > Miscellaneous
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TermMeaningMemory Aid
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Click [[{{{Section54Exercises}}}|here]] for exercises.

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Click [[{{{Section55Exercises}}}|here]] for exercises.

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[[File:{{{Section56Pic02Click01}}}|center|link=]][[File:{{{Section56Pic02Click02}}}|x600px|center|link=]]
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Click [[{{{Section56Exercises}}}|here]] for exercises.

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[[File:{{{Section57Pic01Click01}}}|center|link=]][[File:{{{Section57Pic01Click02}}}|x600px|center|link=]]
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[[File:{{{Section57Pic02Click01}}}|center|link=]][[File:{{{Section57Pic02Click02}}}|x600px|center|link=]]
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Click [[{{{Section57Exercises}}}|here]] for exercises.

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[[File:{{{Section58Pic01Click01}}}|center|link=]][[File:{{{Section58Pic01Click02}}}|x600px|center|link=]]
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[[File:{{{Section58Pic02Click01}}}|center|link=]][[File:{{{Section58Pic02Click02}}}|x600px|center|link=]]
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Click [[{{{Section58Exercises}}}|here]] for exercises.

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[[File:{{{Section59Pic01Click01}}}|center|link=]][[File:{{{Section59Pic01Click02}}}|x600px|center|link=]]
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[[File:{{{Section59Pic02Click01}}}|center|link=]][[File:{{{Section59Pic02Click02}}}|x600px|center|link=]]
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{{{Section59Pre}}}

Click [[{{{Section59Exercises}}}|here]] for exercises.

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[[File:{{{Section60Pic01Click01}}}|center|link=]][[File:{{{Section60Pic01Click02}}}|x600px|center|link=]]
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[[File:{{{Section60Pic02Click01}}}|center|link=]][[File:{{{Section60Pic02Click02}}}|x600px|center|link=]]
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{{{Section60Pre}}}

Click [[{{{Section60Exercises}}}|here]] for exercises.

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